Multiple Sclerosis in Iran

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). This highlydisabling disorder is characterized by a variable clinical course. MS is a heterogeneous disease with acomplex pathology and significant social and economic impact. MS is associated with dysfunction ofparts of the nervous system which results in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental,and sometimes psychiatric problems. There is no definite treatment for MS. Iran has been thoughtto be located in the low risk zone of MS prevalence. However, recent studies and investigations insome cities such as Isfahan, a central province of Iran, have suggested a medium-to-high risk levelof MS prevalence. Pathophysiological processes in MS contribute to the disease course and clinicalmanifestations. Therefore, biomarkers that are indicators of these events would provide significantpotential for diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and optimization of therapeutic responses. Thisreview provides information on the prevalence of MS and some risk factors among Iranian people.